Page 215 - Demo

“Your Safer Source for Science” Preparation of Simple Inorganic Salt Solutions Preparation of Simple Inorganic Salt Solutions, continued
213
Name / Formula / F.W.
Sodium chloride
NaCl 58.45
Sodium dichromate Na2Cr2O7 • 2H2O 298.03
Sodium fluoride
NaF 41.99
Concentration
saturated 1.0 M 0.1 M
0.1 M 0.1 M
g/L
390.0 g† 58.5 g 5.8 g
29.8 g 4.2 g
Name / Formula / F.W.
Sodium sulfate Na2SO4
142.02
Sodium sulfide Na2S • 9H2O 240.18
Sodium sulfite Na2SO3
126.05
Sodium thiosulfate Na2S2O3 • 5H2O 248.19
Strontium chloride SrCl2 • 6H2O 266.64
Strontium hydroxide Sr(OH)2 • 8H2O 266.82
Strontium nitrate Sr(NO3)2
211.63
Tin(II) chloride SnCl2 • 2H2O 225.65
Tin(IV) chloride SnCl4 • 5H2O 350.61
Zinc chloride ZnCl2
136.29
Zinc nitrate Zn(NO3)2 • 6H2O 297.49
Zinc sulfate ZnSO4 • 7H2O 287.56
Concentration
saturated* 1.0 M 0.5 M
2.0 M 1.0 M
1.0 M
0.5 M 0.1 M
0.5 M 0.1 M
saturated
1.0 M 0.5 M
0.1 M 0.1 M
0.5 M
0.1 M
0.5 M 0.1 M
1.0 M 0.1 M
g/L
260 g† 142.0 g 71.0 g
48.0 g§ 24.0 g
126.1 g
124.1 g 24.8 g
133.3 g 26.7 g
220 g†
211.6 g 105.8 g
22.6 g in 1 M HCl*
35.1 g in 3 M HCl*
68.1 g and 1 mL 12 M HCl*
13.6 g
149.7 g 29.7 g
287.6 g 28.8 g
Increase the Rate of
Dissolving Solids
A solvent will only dissolve a limited quantity of solute at a definite temperature. However, the rate at which the solute dis- solves can be accelerated by the following methods:
1. Pulverize or grind up the solid to increase the surface area
of the solid in contact with the liquid.
2. Heat the solvent. This will increase the rate of solution because the molecules of both the solvent and the solute move faster.
3. Stir vigorously.
Combinations of all three methods, when practical, will dissolve solids more quickly.
Sodium hydroxide see page 215
Sodium iodide
NaI 149.92
Sodium nitrate NaNO3
84.99
Sodium oxalate Na2C2O4
134.00
Sodium phosphate, monobasic NaH2PO4 • H2O 137.99
Sodium phosphate, dibasic
Na2HPO4 • 7H2O 268.07
Sodium phosphate, dibasic
Na2HPO4 141.96
Sodium phosphate, tribasic
Na3PO4 • 12H2O 380.12
Sodium sulfate Na2SO4 • 10H2O 322.19
0.5 M 0.1 M
0.5 M 0.1 M
0.1 M 0.1 M
0.5 M 0.1 M
0.5 M 0.1 M
0.1 M
saturated 1.0 M 0.5 M
75.0 g 15.0 g
43.0 g 8.5 g
13.4 g 13.8 g
134.0 g 26.8 g
71.0 g 14.2 g
38.0 g
600 g† 322.2 g 161.1 g
*Add solid to acid solution, stir, then dilute to 1 L. Remember, always add acid to water.
†Approximate amount for 1 L of saturated solution. Keep adding solute until it no longer dissolves; stir for 1 hour, then filter.
§Use hot water, stir vigorously.
Distilled or Deionized Water—
Which Do I Need?
Distilled water is free of inorganic materials, suspended impurities, and most organic contaminants. To make or buy distilled water is expensive. While there may be school laboratory applications where distilled water is required, in many applications, deionized (aka demineralized) water will do just as well. Deionized water, like distilled water, is free of inorganic materials and most suspended contaminants. If you need organic-free water, buy a still or buy distilled water.