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In the Specific Heat and Climate Laboratory Kit for environmental science, carry out a controlled experiment to determine how specific heat affects the temperature of geological materials.

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Yikes—the beach sand is hot, but the water is cool! How can two adjacent materials have such different temperatures? In this timely environmental science lab kit, students carry out a controlled experiment to determine how specific heat affects the temperature of geological materials and influences climate. They also learn about the importance of the reflectivity or albedo of different surfaces on Earth, such as ice and water, or desert and forest. Students measure temperature versus time data for four materials—water, soil, black sand and white sand—and graph the results. When exposed to the same amount of light for the same amount of time, these four materials have very different final temperatures. Use the data collected during the experiment and the graphical analysis as a starting point for discussions about urban heat islands, thermal pollution and contemporary climate issues. Kit includes reproducible student handouts, detailed background information, complete Teacher Notes with sample data and answers to all questions and all chemicals and consumable supplies needed to perform the lab.

Complete for 30 students working in groups of three. Infrared heat lamps, thermometers and a 0.1-g precision balance are required and availably separately.


Correlation to Next Generation Science Standards (NGSS)

Science & Engineering Practices

Asking questions and defining problems
Developing and using models
Planning and carrying out investigations
Analyzing and interpreting data
Using mathematics and computational thinking
Constructing explanations and designing solutions

Disciplinary Core Ideas

HS-PS1.A: Structure and Properties of Matter
HS-ESS2.A: Earth’s Materials and Systems
HS-ESS2.C: The Roles of Water in Earth’s Surface Processes
HS-ESS2.D: Weather and Climate

Crosscutting Concepts

Patterns
Cause and effect
Systems and system models
Energy and matter
Stability and change

Performance Expectations

HS-ESS2-2. Analyze geoscience data to make the claim that one change to Earth’s surface can create feedbacks that cause changes to other Earth systems.
HS-ESS2-4. Use a model to describe how variations in the flow of energy into and out of Earth’s systems result in changes in climate.
HS-ESS2-5. Plan and conduct an investigation of the properties of water and its effects on Earth materials and surface processes.