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360Science™: Analysis of Buffer Solutions and Ranges

By: The Flinn Staff

360Science™ blends the best of student-engaging digital content with easily adaptable hands-on labs to offer your students a uniquely comprehensive learning experience.

In this lab experience, students observe the effect of adding concentrated acid and base to different buffer solutions. The lab demonstrates how a buffer works and shows the different pH ranges they work in depending on the components of which they are made. Editable, differentiated instructions range from a time-sensitive prescriptive lab to full open inquiry, and robust online videos and content help students prepare for and better understand the labs they’re conducting.

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360Science™: Analysis of Buffer Solutions and Ranges
Concepts: pH, buffer, neutralization, dissociation constant, weak acid vs. conjugate base 
Outcomes: Buffers can be a difficult topic for students to understand. Even with explaining to students that buffers are all around them and that their body pH is regulated by such a system, it can be hard to impart the importance of such a system. This lab helps students see how buffers can resist changes in pH. Color changing indicators are a great way for students to observe chemistry happening. They will see that the buffers with the best pH resistance are when the components are in a one-to-one ratio, equal moles of acetic acid and sodium acetate in this case. The higher the concentration of buffer components, the better the overall buffering capacity. A properly made buffer can even resist pH changes when concentrated acids or bases are added. Students will also come to understand that buffers are not completely resistant. Eventually they will reach their buffering capacity and any additional amount of acid or base added will have a large effect on pH. 
Associated Phenomena:How does acid rain impact the environment?

Our 1-year option provides access to all digital content for one year plus lab supplies for a single class of 30 students. Our 3-year option extends access to digital content to three years, with a 30% discount on refill supply kits years 2 and 3.

What is Flinn 360Science™?
We’re introducing a whole new way to teach experiential science! We’ve taken a hard look at science study from all perspectives and, thanks to the feedback of thousands of teachers nationwide, we’ve created a way to make it easier to provide personalized instruction while delivering the kind of lab experiences your students truly need.

Our new and comprehensive learning solutions are designed to bring science to life by giving you all the tools you need to incorporate more (and effective) hands-on learning in your classroom or lab. 360Science allows you to provide your students with the support they need to make real-world connections to key scientific principles and help make those abstract concepts concrete.

Every 360Science lab solves the most common challenges educators face in bringing more hands-on science to their students—from not having enough time to matching the right level of challenge for students’ abilities to providing appropriate background content, safety techniques, assessments and more.

Enable student-driven, blended learning through a unique combination of leveled lab instructions supporting prescriptive, guided- and open-inquiry lab exercises (see PDF resource for specific details) with robust digital content, such as videos and carefully curated Open Educational Resources (OER)—along with virtual reality and simulation exercises. From editable, digital instructions to assessments and alignment with Next Generation Science Standards (NGSS), we have everything you need to improve mastery, remove the intimidation factor and foster your students’ natural curiosity.


Correlation to Next Generation Science Standards (NGSS)

Science & Engineering Practices

Analyzing and interpreting data
Using mathematics and computational thinking
Constructing explanations and designing solutions

Disciplinary Core Ideas

HS-PS1.B: Chemical Reactions
HS-ETS1.C: Optimizing the Design Solution

Crosscutting Concepts

Energy and matter
Stability and change

Performance Expectations

HS-PS1-6. Refine the design of a chemical system by specifying a change in conditions that would produce increased amounts of products at equilibrium.
HS-PS1-7. Use mathematical representations to support the claim that atoms, and therefore mass, are conserved during a chemical reaction.